Honda Civic/Acura Integra

since 1994 release

Repair and operation of the car

Diagnostics of malfunctions of knots and systems of the car

In this subsection rather simple scheme of diagnostics of the most often found refusals is given below. The reasons of violations and their symptoms are grouped in a sign of the relation to functioning of any concrete unit or system: "Engine", "Cooling system", etc.

Regardless of the refusal nature investigations of its reason are always taken the identical basic principles as a principle:

Make sure of correctness of definition of symptoms of refusal. Told means confidence in delimitation of the area of searches that it is especially important with the help in refusal diagnostics to other motorist who cannot adequately state symptoms of the violation taking place.

Try not to miss obvious violations. For example, if the engine is not started, do not hesitate to check availability of fuel in a gasoline tank (at the same time it is not necessary to take on trust statements of the owner of the faulty car). In case of refusal electric equipments first of all it is necessary to check a state and reliability of fastening of terminal connections of an electrical wiring, only after it it makes sense to get diagnostic units.

Try to remove a cause of failure, but not its symptom. Replacement of the discharged battery new will help to make start of the engine, however the reason of a discharge of the old battery taking place will remain not eliminated that will lead to bystry failure and new. Similarly, replacement of the spark plugs thrown by oil will allow to restore serviceability of functioning of the engine for some time, however the refusal by all means will soon repeat (if the reason lay not just in application of candles not of that type).

Do not take on trust any statements! Remember that recently installed "new" component can also be faulty, in particular, if it long time lay in a luggage carrier – it is not necessary to exclude a component from the list checked only for the reason that it is new or is recently established. In case of neglect it is not necessary to be surprised with implementation of this recommendation when the cause of failure established, at last, is lying on a surface from the very beginning.

Failure diagnostics and reasons of decrease in efficiency of return of the engine

The engine is not turned in attempt of its start

· The ignition switch is faulty.
· Polar plugs of the battery are oxidized, or fastening of tips of wires on them weakened.
· The battery is discharged or faulty.
· Serviceability of functioning of system of a charge is broken.
· It is torn off, or the electrical wiring of a chain of system of start is otherwise damaged, or fastening of plugs of contact connections weakened.
· The traction relay or the switch of a starter failed.
· The starter electric motor is faulty.
· Teeth of a driving gear wheel of a starter or a gear wreath of a flywheel are broken off or worn-out.
· The driving gear wheel of a starter is jammed in a gear wreath of a flywheel.
· The sensor switch of permission of start (model with AT) or the sensor switch of disconnection of a chain of a starter is faulty (models with RKPP)
· AT is not transferred to situation "P" or "N".
· The engine is jammed (it is jammed cranked or the camshaft, or there was a sticking any of pistons on a wall of the cylinder), – try to turn it manually for a bolt of a pulley of a bent shaft.

The engine is turned, but not started

· The fuel tank is empty.
· The battery is discharged (the engine is turned too slowly).
· Polar plugs of the battery are oxidized, or fastening of tips of wires on them weakened.
· The starter is faulty.
· Passability of fuel lines is broken, the gasoline pump is faulty, or ventilating branch pipes of the fuel tank are blocked.
· Bolts of fastening of a cover of a head of cylinders weakened, or its sealing laying is damaged.
· Valves burned through, or density of their pressing to saddles is broken.
· The valve(s) core is damaged.
· The valvate spring(s) wore out or broke.
· Adjustment of gaps of valves is broken.
· Piston rings are worn out or burned through.
· Fell, or compression pressure is distributed between engine cylinders unevenly.
· Moisture got to fuel.
· Unsuitable oil (low viscosity) is used
· The fuel injector(s) is faulty.
· Components of system of ignition are humidified or damaged.
· Serviceability of functioning of system of ignition is broken.
· Spark plugs are worn-out or damaged, or installation of interelectrode gaps is broken.
· Installation of a corner of an advancing of ignition is broken.
· The electrical wiring of a chain of system of ignition is torn off or is otherwise damaged, fastening of plugs of contact connections weakened, or the ignition coil is faulty.
· As a result of wear of components of the GRM drive installations of phases of gas distribution are broken.
· The gas-distributing belt / chain is torn off, or the effort of its tension weakened.

Start of the cold engine is complicated

· The battery is discharged.
· Polar plugs of the battery are oxidized, or fastening of tips of wires on them weakened.
· Spark plugs are worn-out or damaged, or installation of interelectrode gaps is broken.
· The fuel supply system is faulty.
· Leak of fuel through an injector(s) takes place.
· Compression pressure fell.

Start of the hot engine is complicated

· The filtering air cleaner element is polluted, or its passability is otherwise broken.
· The fuel supply system is faulty (fuel does not arrive to injectors).
· Terminal connections of the battery are oxidized (especially weight).
· Quality of grounding of the power unit is broken.
· Serviceability of functioning of a fuel supply system or engine management is broken.
· Serviceability of functioning of system of catching of fuel evaporations (EVAP) is broken.
· Compression pressure fell.

Input of a starter in gearing is complicated, or is followed by extraneous noises

· Teeths of a driving gear wheel of a starter or a gear wreath of a flywheel are broken off or worn-out.
· Bolts of fastening of a starter weakened or dropped out.
· Internal components of a starter are worn-out or damaged.

The engine is started, but at once becomes deaf

· The electrical wiring of a chain of system of ignition is torn off or is otherwise damaged, or fastening of plugs of contact connections on the module of ignition or the generator weakened.
· Fuel starvation of an injector(s) takes place.
· The filtering air cleaner element is polluted.
· Depression losses take place.
· Installation of turns of idling is broken.
· Leak of the soaked-up air take place, or vacuum lines are damaged.
· Adjustment of gaps of valves is broken.
· Unsuitable oil (low viscosity) is used.
· Fell, or compression pressure is distributed between engine cylinders unevenly.
· Installation of a corner of an advancing of ignition is broken.
· Installations of phases of gas distribution are broken as a result of wear of components of the GRM drive.

During the parking under the engine are formed begin to flow oils

· Leaks through laying of the pallet of a case, or a drain stopper take place.
· Leaks through landing consolidation of the sensor switch of pressure of oil take place.
· Leaks through laying of a head of cylinders take place.
· Leaks through epiploons of shaft of the engine take place.
· Leaks in the oil pump take place.

Stability of turns of idling is broken

· Depression losses take place.
· The valve of system of recirculation of the fulfilled gases (EGR) is faulty.
· Passability of the valve of system of ventilation of a case (PCV) is broken.
· The filtering air cleaner element is blocked.
· The gasoline pump does not provide the required fuel consumption.
· Tightness of laying of a head of cylinders is broken.
· GRM drive elements are worn-out.
· Working ledges of cams of the camshaft(s) are worn-out.
· Adjustment of gaps of valves is broken.
· Burned through, or valves leaky nestle on the saddles.
· Installation of a corner of an advancing of ignition is broken.
· Serviceability of functioning of system of ignition is broken.
· Serviceability of functioning of the thermostatic air cleaner is broken.
· Spark plugs are worn-out or damaged, or installation of interelectrode gaps is broken.
· Fell, or compression pressure is distributed between cylinders unevenly.
· Passability fuel an injector(s) is broken.
· Installation of turns of idling is broken.

Admissions of ignition on single turns take place

· Spark plugs are worn-out or damaged, or installation of interelectrode gaps is broken.
· VV of a wire of spark plugs are faulty.
· Components of system of ignition are humidified or damaged.
· Short circuit in an ignition chain takes place.
· Quality of the VV contact connections of wires is broken, or it is faulty the ignition module.
· The ignition coil is faulty.
· Components of system of decrease in toxicity are faulty, or passability of the respective highway is broken.
· Leaks in the EGR valve take place.
· Passability of the fuel filter is broken, or fuel is polluted.
· Depression losses take place.
· Installations of turns or quality of mix of idling are broken.
· Installation of a corner of an advancing of ignition is broken.
· Fell, or compression pressure is distributed between cylinders unevenly.
· Losses of depression in the inlet pipeline, or through connecting vacuum hoses take place.
· Passability of fuel injectors is broken.

Admissions of ignition take place at the movement on transfer

· Passability of the fuel filter / a connecting path of a power supply system is broken.
· Fuel pressure fell.
· Spark plugs are worn-out or damaged, or installation of interelectrode gaps is broken.
· Installation of a corner of an advancing of ignition is broken.
· Reliability of fastening of the VV contact connections of wires is broken, or it is faulty the ignition module.
· "Breakdown" of an electrical wiring of VV of candle wires takes place.
· Components of systems of decrease in toxicity of the fulfilled gases are faulty.
· Fell, or compression pressure is distributed between cylinders unevenly.
· The system of ignition is faulty, or contact connections of its electrical wiring weakened.
· Depression losses take place.
· The fuel pump is faulty, or the pressure developed by it fell.
· Ventilation of the fuel tank is broken.

Idling turns are excessively high

· Smoothness of the course of the drive of a butterfly valve is broken.
· Installation of turns of idling is broken.
· Leaks in the inlet air highway take place.
· Serviceability of functioning of a control system of the engine is broken.

The battery does not "hold" a charge

· The driving belt of the generator is worn-out, or adjustment of effort of its tension is broken.
· Polar plugs are oxidized, or fastening of tips of wires on them weakened.
· Electrolyte level fell in banks.
· The generator does not give the required charge current.
· The electrical wiring of a chain of system of a charge is torn off or is otherwise damaged, or fastening of plugs of contact connections weakened.
· There is a battery discharge owing to short circuit in an onboard electrical wiring.
· Internal defect of the battery takes place.

The control lamp of a charge continues to burn at the working engine

· Internal defect of the generator or regulator of tension takes place.
· The driving belt of the generator is worn-out or torn off, or adjustment of effort of its tension is broken.
· Generator brushes are worn-out, jammed or polluted.
· Brush springs of the generator weakened or are broken.
· The charge contour electrical wiring is torn off, or fastening of terminal connections weakened.

The control lamp of a charge does not light up at turn of a key in position of ON

· Incandescence thread fused.
· The printed circuit board of a combination of devices, or a lamp holder is faulty.
· The generator is faulty.

Stability of turns of the engine is broken during acceleration

· Serviceability of functioning of system of ignition is broken.
· Installation of a corner of an advancing of ignition is broken.
· Spark plugs are worn-out or damaged, or installation of interelectrode gaps is broken.
· Passability of the fuel filter is broken.
· Passability of fuel injectors is broken.
· Fuel pressure as a result of violation of serviceability of functioning of a gasoline pump or passability of fuel lines fell.
· Serviceability of functioning of injectors, or control systems of the engine is broken.
· Fastening of the socket(s) of an electrical wiring of fuel injectors weakened.
· Leak of air in the inlet highway takes place.
· Serviceability of functioning of the EGR system is broken.

The engine works with breakthroughs at the accelerator pedal withheld not movably

· Leak of air in the inlet highway takes place.
· The gasoline pump, or the fuel pressure regulator is faulty.
· Fastening of the socket(s) of an electrical wiring of fuel injectors weakened.
· Violations of functioning of a control system of the engine take place.

The engine spontaneously becomes deaf

· Installation of turns of idling is broken.
· Passability of the fuel filter is broken, or moisture got to a power supply system.
· Components of system of ignition are humidified or damaged.
· Components of systems of decrease in toxicity of the fulfilled gases are faulty.
· Spark plugs are worn-out or damaged, or installation of interelectrode gaps is broken.
· VV of a wire of spark plugs are faulty.
· Losses of depression on the throttle case, the inlet pipeline or through connecting hoses take place.
· Adjustment of valvate gaps is broken.
· The fuel pump is faulty, or the pressure developed by it fell.
· Ventilation of the fuel tank is broken, or fuel pipes are blocked.
· Serviceability of functioning of system of injection or engine management is broken.

The power developed by the engine fell

· The hose of system of ventilation of a case is damaged.
· The hose of a vacuum path is damaged.
· Laying of an inlet collector is damaged.
· Installation of a corner of an advancing of ignition is broken.
· VV candle wires or the coil of ignition are damaged.
· Spark plugs are worn-out or damaged, or installation of interelectrode gaps is broken.
· Serviceability of functioning of a fuel supply system is broken.
· The filtering air cleaner element is blocked.
· Brakes are jammed.
· The ATF level fell in AT.
· Oil pressure fell.
· Coupling (RKPP) revolves.
· Passability of the fuel filter is broken, or moisture got to a power supply system.
· Serviceability of functioning of the EGR system is broken.
· The car is fuelled by non-standard.
· Fell, or compression pressure is distributed between cylinders unevenly
· Passability of a final path is broken.
· The fuel pump is faulty, or the pressure developed by it fell.
· Leaks in the inlet air highway take place.
· Serviceability of functioning of system of injection or engine management is broken.
· The engine is overheated.
· The engine is not heated-up up to the normal working temperature.

There are "shots" in a final path

· Serviceability of functioning of the EGR system is broken.
· Installation of a corner of an advancing of ignition is broken.
· Serviceability of functioning of the thermostat of the air cleaner is broken.
· Depression losses take place.
· Adjustment of valvate gaps is broken.
· Valvate springs are damaged, or there was "sticking" of valves.
· Leaks in the inlet air highway take place.
· Malfunction in a secondary (VV) contour of system of ignition (candle insulators, wire VV, the ignition module) takes place.
· Serviceability of functioning of a fuel supply system is broken.

The engine works with breakthroughs at the accelerator pedal withheld not movably

· Leak of air in the inlet highway takes place.
· The gasoline pump is faulty.
· Fastening of the socket(s) of an electrical wiring fuel an injector weakened.
· Violations of functioning of a control system of the engine take place.

During acceleration or at increase in load of the engine there are knocks caused by too early ignition or a detonation

· The car is fuelled not that grade.
· Installation of a corner of an advancing of ignition is broken.
· The excessive nagaroobrazovaniye in combustion chambers takes place.
· Non-standard spark plugs are established.
· Serviceability of functioning of a fuel supply system is broken.
· Wire VV are damaged.
· Serviceability of functioning of the EGR valve is broken.
· Depression losses take place.
· The detonation sensor is faulty.
· Adjustment of gaps of valves is broken.
· Valvate springs are worn-out or damaged.
· Mechanical malfunction of components of the drive of valves takes place (yokes, axes of yokes and so forth).

The engine continues to work after switching off of ignition (diesel effect)

· Leaks in injectors take place.
· Excessively high turns of idling are exposed.
· Working temperature of the engine is excessively high.
· Installation of a corner of an advancing of ignition is broken.
· The excessive nagaroobrazovaniye on the bottoms of pistons takes place.
· There is "sticking" of valves.
· Valvate gaps are incorrectly exposed.
· Serviceability of functioning of the EGR system is broken.

Pressure drop of motive oil takes place

· Oil level fell, or oil not of that grade is filled.
· Bearings of the engine and/or the oil pump are worn-out.
· The engine overheat takes place.
· The oil filter is blocked.
· Passability of the mesh filter of a maslozabornik is broken.
· Excessively low turns of idling are exposed.
· There was a short circuit in a braid of an onboard electrical wiring.
· The oil pressure measuring instrument is faulty.

The consumption of motive oil is excessive

· The drain stopper of the pallet of a case weakened.
· The hose of system of ventilation of a case is damaged.
· The valve of system of ventilation of a case is faulty.
· Bolts of fastening of the pallet weakened, or its sealing laying is damaged.
· Bolts of fastening of a forward cover weakened, or its sealing laying is damaged.
· The epiploon of a bent shaft is damaged.
· Bolts of fastening of a cover of a head of cylinders weakened, or its sealing laying is damaged.
· Landing of an oil filter weakened.
· The effort of tightening of the sensor switch of pressure of oil weakened.
· Excessive wear of pistons or cylinders takes place.
· Piston rings are worn-out or damaged.
· Maslootrazhatelny caps of inlet and/or final valves are worn-out or damaged.
· Cores of valves are worn-out.
· The directing plugs of valves are worn-out or damaged.

Different noise arising during the operation of the engine

· The loud deaf knock more often arising at acceleration indicates wear or damage of radical bearings, or uneven wear of a bent shaft.
· Similar described above, but a little more high-frequency, the sound which is also more often arising at acceleration speaks about possible wear of conrod bearings.
· The blocked metal knock amplifying at increase in turns of the engine and weakening in process of warming up of the last testifies to excessive wear of pistons and walls of cylinders.
· The frequent clicking which is becoming frequent at acceleration speaks about wear of piston fingers or nests under their landing in pistons (the sound arises at each passing by the VMT corresponding piston).
· The metal clicking published by the water pump specifies wear of bearings and need of replacement of pump assembly.
· The reason of frequent knock or clicking, the turns which are becoming frequent with increase, violation of adjustment of valvate gaps can be, – wiretap the valvate mechanism by means of a stethoscope/piece of a vacuum hose. If adjustment of valves does not lead to correction of a situation, it is necessary to check a condition of hydraulic pushers and other components of the valvate mechanism.

In certain cases elimination of knock is helped by filling of the engine with oil with higher coefficient of viscosity.

· Wear of a gas-distributing chain or violation of adjustment of its tension can be the cause of the uniform metal knock or a roar published by the GRM drive on models of 3.0 l; check also a condition of asterisks.

Diagnostics of malfunctions of the lubrication system

The control lamp of pressure of motive oil is not disconnected

· The oil pressure sensor is damaged (the diaphragm is damaged, there is an oil leakage, the spring broke or contacts stuck).
· Pressure of oil fell in result of violation of passability of a full-line oil filter.
· Pressure of oil fell in result of violation of passability of the reducing valve of the oil pump.
· Passability of maslotok is broken.
· Passability of the mesh filter of a maslozabornik is broken.
· Level of motive oil fell.
· The maslozabornik is damaged.
· Rotors of the oil pump are jammed.

The control lamp of pressure of oil does not work at inclusion of ignition

· The lamp fused.
· The electrical wiring is torn off, or quality of contact connections is broken.

The control lamp begins to work in the chastoprobleskovy mode

· Quality of contact connections in the corresponding chain is broken.
· Oil pressure fell.
· The electrical wiring is damaged.

Diagnostics of malfunctions of fuel supply systems and production of the fulfilled gas

Violations of supply of fuel to injectors take place

· Violation in an electric chain of the fuel pump takes place.
· Dust or moisture got to the fuel pump.
· The fuel pump is hammered with dust or water.
· Air got to a power supply system.
· Passability of an air or ventilating path is broken.
· Serviceability of functioning of the regulator of pressure of fuel is broken (for example, the diaphragm is damaged).

Fuel consumption is excessive

· The filtering element of the air cleaner is polluted or its passability is otherwise broken.
· Adjustment of gaps of valves is broken.
· Saddles of valves are worn-out.
· Cores of valves are damaged.
· Valvate springs are worn-out or damaged.
· Installation of a corner of an advancing of ignition is broken.
· Spark plugs are worn-out or damaged, or installation of interelectrode gaps is broken.
· Bolts of fastening of a cover of a head of cylinders weakened, or its sealing laying is damaged.
· Piston rings are worn-out or burned.
· Installation of phases of gas distribution is broken.
· Motive oil with excessively low viscosity is used.
· Installation of turns of idling is broken.
· Leaks in a fuel path take place.
· Passability of fuel injectors is broken.
· Serviceability of functioning of system of injection of fuel or engine management is broken.
· Serviceability of functioning of systems of decrease in toxicity is broken.
· Pressure of a rating of tires is not enough, or wheels not of that standard size are established.
· Brakes "are taken".
· The engine does not get warm up to the normal working temperature.
· Adjustment of a cable of gas is broken.

Fuel leak (in salon and near the car distinctly smells of gasoline) take place

· The fuel tank, fuel pipes or their nipple connections are damaged mechanically or as a result of corrosion development.
· The welding seam of the fuel tank dispersed.
· The drainage system of the fuel tank is damaged.
· Passability of ventilating lines is broken.
· The tank is overflowed.
· Passability of a coal adsorber of the EVAP system is broken.
· Leaks in a path of the EVAP system take place.
· Serviceability of functioning of a fuel supply system is broken.
· Internal components of fuel injectors are damaged or excessively worn-out.

The sensor of a reserve of fuel issues incorrect indications

· Assembly of the sensor of a reserve of fuel is damaged.

Noise

· The fuel pump is damaged.

It is excessively noisy the system of production of the fulfilled gases works or smokes

· Leak of the fulfilled gases through joints of a final collector or sections of system of release take place.
· Mufflers or pipes of system of release are damaged mechanically or as a result of corrosion development.
· As a result of damage of suspended support the system of release contacts at the movement to elements of a body or a suspension bracket.

Diagnostics of malfunctions of the cooling system

The engine overheats

· Level of cooling liquid fell.
· The belt of the GRM drive is damaged or adjustment of its tension is broken
· The belt of the drive of auxiliary units is polluted by oil.
· Passability of water or air paths of a radiator is broken.
· Leak of cooling liquid from a radiator takes place.
· The water pump is faulty.
· The thermostat is faulty.
· Low-quality cooling liquid is filled.
· Violation in a cooling system fan(s) chain takes place.
· Mechanical damage of a krylchatka of the fan of the cooling system takes place.
· Tightness of landing of a cover of a radiator is broken.
· Installation of a corner of an advancing of ignition is broken.
· Reimpoverishment of air-fuel mix takes place.
· Coupling revolves.
· Brakes "are taken".
· Distance inappropriate to norm between the piston and a wall of the cylinder.
· The path of the cooling system is blocked by an air stopper.
· Gearbox oil not of that grade is filled.
· Resistance of a final path (high counter-pressure) is excessively high.
· Indications of the measuring instrument of temperature are inexact.

The engine does not get warm up to the normal working temperature

· Ambient temperature is excessively low.
· The thermostat is faulty.
· Violation in a cooling system fan chain takes place.
· Indications of the measuring instrument of temperature are inexact.

External leak of cooling liquid takes place

· Hoses of a cooling path are damaged mechanically or destroyed as a result of material aging, or collars of their fastening weakened.
· Epiploons of the water pump are worn-out or damaged (cooling liquid will exude through a control opening).
· Leak of cooling liquid from a radiator or a broad tank takes place.
· Drain or release traffic jams of a water shirt of the block of the engine are damaged.
· Tightness of landing of the sensor switch of temperature of cooling liquid is broken.
· Sealing laying of blocks/heads of cylinders is damaged or cracks in casting take place.
· The thermostat casing is damaged.
· The radiator cover is faulty.
· Boiling up of cooling liquid resulted from an overheat.

Internal leak of cooling liquid takes place

Existence of internal leaks is confirmed by the presence of cooling liquid at motive oil causing emulsification of the last.

· Laying of a head of cylinders is punched.
· The head or the block of cylinders is burst.
· Bolts of fastening of a head of cylinders weakened.

Losses of cooling liquid take place

· In system the excessive amount of cooling liquid is filled in.
· Cooling liquid boils away as a result of an overheat.
· External or internal leak of cooling liquid takes place (see above).
· The radiator cover is faulty.
· Pressure in the cooling system increases at the expense of a compression in cylinders as a result of emergence of cracks in a head or the block, or violations of integrity any of sealing laying.

Circulation of cooling liquid is broken

· The water pump is faulty, – check by probing of the top radiator hose.
· Passability of a cooling path is broken.
· The tension of a belt of the drive of the water pump weakened.
· The thermostat is jammed.
· Level of cooling liquid fell.

Different noise

· The driving belt is faulty.
· The cooling system fan is faulty.
· The bearing of the water pump is faulty.
· The epiploon of the water pump is damaged.

Corrosion development takes place

· Cooling liquid is excessively polluted, – add in system only the distilled rain water.
· Antifreeze is excessively diluted.
· Replacement of cooling liquid and washing of a path is insufficiently often made.

Diagnostics of malfunctions of systems of heating, ventilation and air conditioning

Systems of heating and ventilation

Functioning of the fan of a heater is completely broken

· The corresponding safety lock fused.
· There was a break of an electrical wiring.
· The break in a chain of the switch of management / resistive assembly of the fan takes place.
· The fan drive electric motor is faulty.

Giving in salon of the warmed-up air is broken

· Liquid level in the engine cooling system is insufficient.
· The engine does not get warm up to the normal working temperature (see above).
· The inlet valve of the heat exchanger of a heater is faulty. Check serviceability of functioning тросового / the vacuum drive of the valve. Several times transfer the switch of the choice of temperature condition to extreme provisions, checking serviceability of operation of the valve. Warm up the engine up to the normal working temperature and, having chosen the maximum temperature condition of a heater, probe hoses on an entrance and an exit of valvate assembly. If hoses have different temperature, replace the valve.

At inclusion of a heater there is a fogging of a windshield

· Leak of cooling liquid from the hose laid near a partition of a motive compartment or under the car dashboard takes place, – check reliability of tightening of a fixing collar.
· Leak of cooling liquid from the heater heat exchanger takes place. Attentively examine rugs in foot wells of the driver and forward passenger on existence of streams on them.

Cooling liquid has a characteristic sweetish smell. In case of need make the corresponding repair, or replace the failed heat exchanger. On some models for ensuring access to the heat exchanger (radiator) of a heater it is required to remove the dashboard.

Serviceability of functioning of management of the choice of temperature condition is broken

· Level of cooling liquid fell.
· The electric motor of the drive of the regime gate is faulty.

It is not possible to turn off the mode of the closed ventilation

· The selector switch is faulty.
· Malfunction in a chain of an electric motor of the drive of the corresponding gate takes place.

Hand-operated air conditioning system

In addition to the malfunctions listed in the previous subsection:

Cold air does not arrive via ventilating deflectors

· The heater fan is faulty (see above).
· The switch of management of functioning of the fan of a heater is faulty.
· Passability of air ducts is broken.
· Air conditioning system needs charging.

Depletion, charging and check of a refrigerator path have to be made in the conditions of a specialized workshop!

· The belt of the drive of auxiliary units is torn off, or the effort of its tension weakened.
· The К/В switch is faulty.
· The К/В compressor is faulty.
· Serviceability of functioning of a clutch coupling of the К/В compressor is broken. Check a condition of the coupling and an electrical wiring of its chain.
· Rectify debugged, replace defective components.
· The sensor switch of pressure of a low pressure path of air conditioning system is faulty.
· Damage of an electrical wiring of a chain of air conditioning system takes place, or the corresponding relay failed. Check, rectify debugged, in case of need replace the relay.

When using To/in on a floor in salon are formed begin to flow moisture

· Passability of a drainage tube of the evaporator of air conditioning system is broken. Clean a tube in the place of an exit it from interior of the car.
· Passability of a drain hose of the evaporator is broken. Clean a hose in the place of an exit it from interior of the car.

Activation To/in is followed by emergence in salon of a smell of a mold

· Passability of a drain hose of the evaporator of air conditioning system is broken. Clean a hose in the place of an exit it from interior of the car.

System of automatic air conditioning (climate control)

The system is not activated at inclusion of ignition

· The safety lock No. 5 or No. 17 fused.
· Quality of contact connections in an electrical wiring of the corresponding chain is broken (special attention should be paid to a grounding contour).
· Assembly of management К/В is faulty.

Function of preservation of the last chosen mode does not work

· The safety lock No. 5 or No. 17 fused.
· Quality of contact connections in an electrical wiring of the corresponding chain is broken (special attention should be paid to a grounding contour).
· Assembly of management К/В is faulty.

Serviceability of a conclusion of data to the display screen is broken

· The safety lock No. 5 or No. 17 fused.
· Quality of contact connections in an electrical wiring of the corresponding chain is broken (special attention should be paid to a grounding contour).
· Assembly of management К/В is faulty.

Stability of rotation of the fan is broken

· The safety lock No. 5 or No. 17 fused.
· Quality of contact connections in an electrical wiring of the corresponding chain is broken.
· Assembly of management К/В is faulty.
· The fan electric motor is faulty.
· The fan electric motor relay is faulty.
· The power transistor or the corresponding safety lock is faulty.

Serviceability of a funktsonirovaniye of the gate of inclusion/switching off of the mode of circulation is broken

· Quality of contact connections in an electrical wiring corresponding is broken.
· Assembly of management К/В is faulty.
· The electric motor or a potentiometer of the drive of the switching gate is faulty.

Function of switching of the directions of distribution of air does not work

· Quality of contact connections in an electrical wiring of the corresponding chain is broken.
· Assembly of management К/В is faulty.
· The electric motor or a potentiometer of the drive of selector gates is faulty.

Function of maintenance in salon of the set temperature condition does not work

· Quality of contact connections in an electrical wiring of the corresponding chain is broken.
· Assembly of management К/В is faulty.
· The electric motor or a potentiometer of the drive of the mixing gate is faulty.
· The К/В relay is faulty.
· The К/В compressor is faulty.
· The heater is faulty.
· Information sensors of temperatures and/or intensity of sunlight are faulty.

The excessive delay of transition to the chosen temperature condition takes place

· The electric motor or a potentiometer of the drive of the mixing gate is faulty.
· Information sensors of temperatures and/or intensity of sunlight are faulty.

Serviceability of functioning of K/V fans is broken

· The electric motor of the main or auxiliary fan is faulty.
· The relay of an electric motor of the main or auxiliary fan is faulty.

Diagnostics of malfunctions of coupling

Serviceability of switching off of coupling (at the pedal which is squeezed out to a floor inclusion/switching off of the reverse gear is complicated) is broken

· Adjustment of a free wheeling of a pedal of coupling is broken.
· On the conducted clutch plate oil got.
· The diaphragm spring "sank".
· Leak of hydraulic liquid from the main or executive cylinder of coupling takes place.
· Air got to the hydraulic highway of the drive of coupling (softness of the course of a pedal takes place).
· The sealing cuff of the piston of the main or executive cylinder is damaged.
· The lack of lubricant of the directing bearing takes place.

Coupling revolves (turns of the engine raise without increase in speed of the movement of the car)

· The conducted clutch plate is overheated, – park the car and let's a disk cool down.
· Frictional overlays of the conducted disk are polluted by the oil filtering through a back epiploon of a bent shaft.
· The new conducted disk (for final extra earnings of a new disk it is necessary to make not less than 30 - 40 starts) was not earned extra.
· Deformation of assembly of a basket of a coupling/flywheel takes place.
· The diaphragm spring weakened.
· There was "sticking" of the piston in the main cylinder of coupling as a result of hit of foreign particles.
· The coupling switching off mechanism is jammed.
· The disk or a flywheel is deformed press.
· Hydraulic lines of the drive of coupling are damaged.

At inclusion of coupling there is a vibration

· Are polluted by oil, are deformed, burned through, or zapolirovana to gloss frictional overlays of the flywheel conducted the disk/worker a surface.
· Rivets of fastening of frictional slips weakened.
· Support of a suspension bracket of the power unit are worn-out, or their fastening weakened.
· Vents of a main shaft of the transmission or a nave of the conducted disk are worn-out.
· Deformation of assembly of a basket of a coupling/flywheel takes place.
· Fatigue deformation of a diaphragm spring takes place.
· The directing bearing in a pin of a bent shaft is jammed.

During the squeezing or an otpuskaniye of a pedal of coupling there are extraneous noises

· Adjustments of a pedal of coupling are broken.
· The release bearing is jammed on a transmission shaft.
· The directing bearing is worn-out or damaged.
· Will burst the conducted clutch plate.
· Fatigue deformation of the torsion springs of the conducted clutch plate takes place.
· Components of assembly of a basket of coupling are worn-out.
· The diaphragm spring of a press disk is broken.
· Axial plugs of a pedal of coupling are worn-out or overdried.
· Assembly of a basket of coupling is faulty.
· Turns of idling of the engine are excessively low.

The coupling pedal after an otpuskaniye does not come back to a starting position

· Serviceability of functioning of the main or executive cylinder of coupling is broken.
· The piston in the main or executive cylinder is jammed.
· Coupling switching off drive components are damaged or jammed.
· Air got to the hydraulic highway.

Squeezing of a pedal of coupling requires excessive effort

· The piston in the main or executive cylinder is jammed.
· Assembly of a basket of coupling is faulty.
· The main or executive cylinder of the wrong standard size is installed.

Diagnostics of malfunctions of a manual box of gear shifting

The box installed on neutral transfer publishes noise at the working engine

· Bearings of a main shaft are worn-out (noise appear at an otpuskaniye of a pedal of coupling and disappear at its squeezing).
· The bearing of the leading shaft of a box is worn-out.
· Level of gearbox oil fell.
· The release bearing of coupling is worn-out (noise appear at the squeezed-out pedal of coupling and can decrease at its otpuskaniye).
· Variations of torque of the engine can be a source of noise, – correction of turns of idling can lead to correction of a situation.

Noise take place on all transfers

Any of the listed above reasons, and/or:

· The secondary shaft of the transmission, or its bearings is worn-out or damaged.

Noise arise on any concrete transfer

· Teeths of gear wheels of the transmission are worn-out, chopped off or are otherwise damaged.
· Synchronizers are worn-out or damaged.

Noise arise at gear shifting

· Serviceability of functioning of coupling is broken.
· Assemblies of synchronizers are faulty.

The box "comes off" the chosen transfer

· The gear shifting lever cuff hardened.
· Gear shifting drive components are jammed.
· The gear shifting mechanism is worn-out.
· Bolts of fastening of RKPP to the engine weakened
· The holder of the bearing of primary gear wheel is broken, or its fastening weakened.
· Between a clutch lever and a case of the engine dirt got.
· Control balls, flutes of spherical support of rods of forks of switching, or control springs are worn-out or damaged.
· Bearings of the conducted or intermediate shaft are worn-out.
· Support of a suspension bracket of the power unit are worn-out.
· The axial side play of gear wheels is excessive.
· Synchronizers are worn-out.

Leak of gearbox oil takes place

· In a box the excessive amount of gearbox oil is filled in.
· The epiploon(s) of differential or a sealing cuff of a speedometer is damaged.

Gear shifting is complicated

· Coupling is faulty.
· Gear shifting drive mechanism components are worn-out or damaged.
· Level of gearbox oil fell.
· Gearbox oil needs replacement.
· The shock rod is worn-out or damaged.
· RKPP gear wheels are jammed.
· Blocks of synchronizers are worn-out.

There is a blocking of a box on any of transfers

· Wear, or weakening of landing of driving draft takes place.

Diagnostics of malfunctions of automatic transmission

In view of complexity of a design of AT it will be difficult to average amateur mechanic to carry out enough precisely diagnostics of its refusals and recovery repair. In case of problems, excellent from listed below, the owner of the car should ask for the help specialists of car service. It is also not necessary to hurry with demontazhy faulty transmission as its many checks are made by in situ (on the regular place).

Leakages of ATF

· ATF usually differs in dark red color, – it is not necessary to confuse traces of its leaks to those from motive oil (the last can communicate on a transmission case the running air stream).
· For identification of a source of leak, first of all, it is necessary to clear a case of transmission and surfaces surrounding it of dirt and lubricant. Use qualitative degreaser or execute steam cleaning of the unit. Make on the car a short trip with a low speed of the movement (that traces of the leak taking place did not communicate far from its source). The car also establish to Poddomkratta it on props. Examine a transmission case, visually revealing leakage sources of ATF. Most often act as those:
· Transmission case pallet: tighten fixture and/or replace sealing laying;
· Back lengthening of transmission: tighten fixture and/or replace an epiploon;
· Jellied mouth: replace a rubber cuff in the place of an entrance of a mouth to a transmission case;
· Ventilating tube: transmission is crowded and/or water got to a case;
· Speedometer junction point: replace a sealing ring in the place of an entrance of a driving cable to a transmission case.

ATF has brown color or smells of ashes

· The ATF level fell in transmission, or liquid burned and needs replacement.
· Coupling of the raising transfer is faulty.
· The brake tape of transfers 2/4 is faulty.
· Coupling lower and back transfers is faulty.
· Coupling of the reverse gear is faulty.

There is no automatic switching of transmission to a low gear at full squeezing of the accelerator pedal (kickdown mode)

· Adjustment of a cable of the drive of a butterfly valve at inclusion of the kickdown mode is broken.

During gear shifting the engine becomes deaf

· The operating valve is faulty.
· The blocking damper is faulty.
· Adjustments of the engine are broken.
· The entrance shaft of transmission is faulty.

The engine is started in the provision of transmission, excellent from "Р or "N"

· The sensor switch of permission of start is faulty, or its adjustment is broken.
· The lever of the selector of transfers or the drive of the selector of transfers is faulty.

In provisions of the lever of the P or N selector there is an unusual noise

· Passability of the mesh filter is broken.
· The oil pump is faulty.
· The driving disk is faulty.
· The ATF level is excessively high or insufficient.

Noise arise in position "D" of the lever of the selector

· The main transfer is faulty.
· Planetary assembly is faulty.
· The brake tape lower and back transfers is faulty.
· Reducing transfer is faulty.
· Oil level in differential is excessively high or insufficient.

The car moves in position "N" of the lever of the selector

· The module of management of transmission (TCM) is faulty.
· Coupling of the lower transfers is faulty.

Switching with "N" to "D" or "R" is followed by a push

· The module of management of transmission (TCM) is faulty.
· The electrical wiring is faulty.
· The valve of management is faulty.
· Needs ATF replacement.

Switching with "N" to "D" or "R" takes place with a delay

· The valve of management is faulty.
· Malfunctions of the electromagnetic valve of linear pressure.
· The sealing ring wore out.
· Forward laying of a case of AT is damaged.
· Coupling lower and back transfers is faulty.
· Coupling of the reverse gear is faulty.

The car does not start in any provision of AT (the engine becomes deaf)

· The parking brake is cocked.
· Planetary assembly is faulty.

The car does not start in any provision of AT (the engine increases turns)

· The mesh filter is littered.
· Serviceability of functioning of the electromagnetic valve of linear pressure is broken.
· The valve of management is faulty.
· The leading gear wheel is faulty.
· It is faulty a gipoidny gear wheel.
· The power shaft is damaged.
· The differential is faulty.
· The oil pump is faulty.
· The entrance shaft is faulty.
· The output shaft is faulty.
· Planetary transfer is faulty.
· The driving disk is faulty.
· Too low ATF level.
· Forward laying of the AT case is damaged.

The car does not start only in situation "R" AT (the engine becomes deaf)

· The parking brake is cocked.
· Coupling of the lower transfers is faulty.
· The brake tape of transfers 2/4 is faulty.
· Planetary transfer is faulty.

The car does not start only in situation "R" AT (the engine increases turns)

· The selector cable is faulty.
· The selector lever is faulty.
· The valve of management is faulty.
· Coupling lower and back transfers is faulty.
· Coupling of the reverse gear is faulty.

The car does not start only in provisions "D" and "3" of AT (the engine increases turns)

· Coupling of the lower transfers is faulty.
· The obgonny coupling is faulty.

The car does not start only in provisions "D", "3" and "2" of AT (the engine becomes deaf)

· Coupling of the reverse gear is faulty.

The car does not start only in provisions "D", "3" and "2" of AT (the engine increases turns)

· Coupling of the lower transfers is faulty.

The engine is started only in position "R" of the selector

· The valve of management is faulty.

Weak reception at dispersal from the place

· The valve of management is faulty.
· Coupling of the lower transfers is faulty.
· Coupling of the reverse gear is faulty.
· Too high or low ATF level.
· The oil pump is faulty.
· Forward laying of the AT case is damaged.
· The blocking coupling of the hydrotransformer is faulty.
· Too high or low level of oil of differential.

Weak acceleration at dispersal from the place

· The module of management of transmission (TCM) is faulty.
· The valve of management is faulty.
· Coupling of the raising transfer is faulty.
· Planetary transfer is faulty.
· The brake tape of transfers 2/4 is faulty.

There is no switching of transmission to the 1st on the 2nd transfer

· The module of management of transmission (TCM) is faulty.
· The sensor of provision of a throttle is faulty.
· The electromagnetic valve of switching 1 is faulty.
· The sensor of position of the accelerator pedal is faulty.
· The brake tape of transfers 2/4 is faulty.
· The valve of management is faulty.

There is no switching to the 2nd to the 3rd transfer

· The module of management of transmission (TCM) is faulty.
· The valve of management is faulty.
· Coupling of the raising transfer is faulty.
· The electromagnetic valve of switching 2 is faulty.

There is no switching to the 3rd to the 4th transfer

· The module of management of transmission (TCM) is faulty.
· The electromagnetic valve of switching 1 is faulty.
· ATF temperature sensor is faulty.
· The valve of management is faulty.
· The brake tape of transfers 2/4 is faulty.

Efficiency of braking by the engine in position "3" of the lever of the selector is reduced

· The sensor switch of permission of starts/provisions of the lever of the selector is faulty.
· The module of management of transmission (TCM) is faulty.
· The valve of management is faulty.
· The sensor of provision of a butterfly valve (TPS) is faulty.

Efficiency of braking by the engine in provisions "3" or "2" of the lever of the selector is reduced

· The valve of management is faulty.

Efficiency of braking by the engine in position "1" of the lever of the selector is reduced

· Coupling lower and back transfers is faulty.

The nature of switchings of transmission is broken

· The sensor switch of permission of starts/provisions of the lever of the selector is faulty.
· The module of management of transmission (TCM) is faulty.
· The sensor of provision of a butterfly valve (TPS) is faulty.
· The valve of management is faulty.
· Quality of grounding is broken.

There is no blocking of transmission

· The module of management of transmission (TCM) is faulty.
· The sensor of provision of a butterfly valve (TPS) is faulty.
· ATF temperature sensor is faulty.
· The valve of management is faulty.
· Serviceability of delivery of a signal of turns of the engine is broken.

The parking brake does not provide reliable fixing the selector car/lever hardly is brought out of situation "P"

· The selector cable is faulty.
· The selector lever is faulty.
· The mechanism of the parking brake is faulty.

Switching with the 1st to the 2nd transfer is followed by pushes

· The module of management of transmission (TCM) is faulty.
· The sensor of provision of a butterfly valve (TPS) is faulty.
· The electromagnetic valve of switching 2/4 is faulty.
· ATF temperature sensor is faulty.
· Serviceability of functioning of the electromagnetic valve of linear pressure is broken.
· The valve of management is faulty.
· The brake tape of transfers 2/4 is faulty.
· ATF needs replacement.
· Adjustments of the engine are broken.
· The synchronizing electromagnetic valve of braking of transfers 2/4 is faulty.

Switching with the 1st to the 2nd transfer is followed by pro-slipping of transmission

· The module of management of transmission (TCM) is faulty.
· The sensor of provision of a butterfly valve (TPS) is faulty.
· The electromagnetic valve of switching 2/4 is faulty.
· ATF temperature sensor is faulty.
· Serviceability of functioning of the electromagnetic valve of linear pressure is broken.
· The control valve is faulty.
· The brake tape of transfers 2/4 is faulty.
· The synchronizing electromagnetic valve of braking of transfers 2/4 is faulty.
· Coupling of the raising transfer is faulty.

Switching with the 2nd to the 3rd transfer is followed by pushes

· The module of management of transmission (TCM) is faulty.
· The sensor of provision of a butterfly valve (TPS) is faulty.
· The electromagnetic valve of switching 2/4 is faulty.
· ATF temperature sensor is faulty.
· Serviceability of functioning of the electromagnetic valve of linear pressure is broken.
· The valve of management is faulty.
· Coupling of the raising transfer is faulty.
· The brake tape of transfers 2/4 is faulty.
· ATF needs replacement.
· Adjustments of the engine are broken.
· The synchronizing electromagnetic valve of braking of transfers 2/4 is faulty.

Switching with the 2nd to the 3rd transfer is followed by pro-slipping of transmission

· The module of management of transmission (TCM) is faulty.
· The sensor of provision of a butterfly valve (TPS) is faulty.
· The electromagnetic valve of switching 2/4 is faulty.
· ATF temperature sensor is faulty.
· Serviceability of functioning of the electromagnetic valve of linear pressure is broken.
· The valve of management is faulty.
· Coupling of the raising transfer is faulty.
· The brake tape of transfers 2/4 is faulty.
· The synchronizing electromagnetic valve of braking of transfers 2/4 is faulty.

Switching with the 3rd to the 4th transfer is followed by pushes

· The module of management of transmission (TCM) is faulty.
· The sensor of provision of a butterfly valve (TPS) is faulty.
· The electromagnetic valve of switching 2/4 is faulty.
· ATF temperature sensor is faulty.
· Serviceability of functioning of the electromagnetic valve of linear pressure is broken.
· The valve of management is faulty.
· The synchronizing electromagnetic valve of braking of transfers 2/4 is faulty.
· The brake tape of transfers 2/4 is faulty.
· ATF needs replacement.
· Adjustments of the engine are broken.
· The electromagnetic valve of coupling of the lower transfers synchronizing the electromagnetic valve is faulty.
· The coupling of the lower transfers is faulty.

Switching with the 3rd to the 4th transfer is followed by pro-slipping of transmission

· The module of management of transmission (TCM) is faulty.
· The sensor of provision of a butterfly valve (TPS) is faulty.
· The electromagnetic valve of switching 2/4 is faulty.
· ATF temperature sensor is faulty.
· Serviceability of functioning of the electromagnetic valve of linear pressure is broken.
· The valve of management is faulty.
· The brake tape of transfers 2/4 is faulty.
· The synchronizing electromagnetic valve of braking of transfers 2/4 is faulty.

The translation of the lever of the selector from situation "3" in situation "2" is followed by pushes

· The module of management of transmission (TCM) is faulty.
· The sensor of provision of a butterfly valve (TPS) is faulty.
· ATF temperature sensor is faulty.
· Serviceability of functioning of the electromagnetic valve of linear pressure is broken.
· The valve of management is faulty.
· The electromagnetic valve of switching 2/4 is faulty.
· The brake tape of transfers 2/4 is faulty.
· ATF needs replacement.
· The synchronizing electromagnetic valve of braking of transfers 2/4 is faulty.

The translation of the lever of the selector from situation "D" in situation "1" is followed by pushes

· The module of management of transmission (TCM) is faulty.
· The sensor of provision of a butterfly valve (TPS) is faulty.
· ATF temperature sensor is faulty.
· Serviceability of functioning of the electromagnetic valve of linear pressure is broken.
· The valve of management is faulty.
· ATF needs replacement.
· The electromagnetic valve of switching 2/4 is faulty.
· The synchronizing electromagnetic valve of braking of transfers 2/4 is faulty.
· The synchronizing electromagnetic valve of coupling of the lower transfers is faulty.

The translation of the lever of the selector from situation "2" in situation "1" is followed by pushes

· The module of management of transmission (TCM) is faulty.
· The sensor of provision of a butterfly valve (TPS) is faulty.
· ATF temperature sensor is faulty.
· Serviceability of functioning of the electromagnetic valve of linear pressure is broken.
· The valve of management is faulty.
· Coupling lower and back transfers is faulty.
· ATF needs replacement.
· The electromagnetic valve of switching 2/4 is faulty.
· The synchronizing electromagnetic valve of braking of transfers 2/4 is faulty.
· The synchronizing electromagnetic valve of coupling of the lower transfers is faulty.

Otpuskany accelerator pedals at average speeds is followed by pushes

· The module of management of transmission (TCM) is faulty.
· The sensor of provision of a butterfly valve (TPS) is faulty.
· ATF temperature sensor is faulty.
· Serviceability of functioning of the electromagnetic valve of linear pressure is broken.
· The valve of management is faulty.
· The blocking damper is faulty.
· Adjustments of the engine are broken.
· The electromagnetic valve of switching 2/4 is faulty.
· The synchronizing electromagnetic valve of braking of transfers 2/4 is faulty.
· The synchronizing electromagnetic valve of coupling of the lower transfers is faulty.

The rectilinear movement is followed by the increased level of vibrations

· The module of management of transmission (TCM) is faulty.
· The electromagnetic valve of inclusion of blocking is faulty.
· The blocking damper is faulty.

Vibrations arise during commission of turns

· The module of management of transmission (TCM) is faulty.
· The forward sensor of the speed (VSS) is faulty.
· The back sensor of the speed (VSS) is faulty.
· The sensor of provision of a butterfly valve (TPS) is faulty.
· ATF temperature sensor is faulty.
· ATF needs replacement.
· It is faulty the coupling of the transfer case.
· The valve of the transfer case is faulty.

Start-off of the car is followed by pro-slipping of forward wheels

· The module of management of transmission (TCM) is faulty.
· Forward VSS is faulty.
· The sensor switch of activation of the mode of the four-wheel drive (FWD) is faulty.
· The sensor of provision of a butterfly valve (TPS) is faulty.
· ATF temperature sensor is faulty.
· The valve of management is faulty.
· ATF needs replacement.
· The coupling of the distributing mechanism is faulty.
· The valve of the distributing mechanism is faulty.
· Passability of a tube of the distributing mechanism is broken.

The car is not transferred to the all-wheel drive mode (FWD)

· The module of management of transmission (TCM) is faulty.
· The sensor switch of activation of the mode of the four-wheel drive (FWD) is faulty.
· The coupling of the distributing mechanism is faulty.
· The valve of the distributing mechanism is faulty.

Transmission "comes off" the chosen situation, switches hardly or with noise, or does not provide progress of the car forward or back

· There is a set of the possible reasons listed refusals however only one of them - violation of the ATF level gets to the sphere of competence of the average amateur mechanic. Check, in case of need make adjustment level/replacement of liquid and the filter, in parallel check a condition of ATF. In all other cases the car should be driven away for diagnostics and recovery repair / replacement of transmission on car repair shop.

Diagnostics of malfunctions of the driveshaft

Leaks in a forward part of the driveshaft take place

· The back epiploon of transmission is damaged or worn-out. Check also a condition of a surface of the sliding collar.

At transfer inclusion (at the time of emergence of loading) there is a knock

· Fastening of components of a back suspension bracket weakened.
· The spindle of the sliding collar is worn-out.
· Driveshaft bolts/nut weakened.
· Bearings of the cardan hinge(s) are worn-out or damaged.
· The central bearing / pillow of the central support is worn-out.

The metal gnash corresponding to the speed of the movement of the car has places

· Bearings of the cardan hinge(s) are worn-out.

Vibrations take place

First of all check balancing of wheels and pressure of a rating of tires. Usually vibrations increase with increase in the movement.

· Establish a tachometer in interior of the car and during the movement try to define engine turns at which vibration reaches the maximum intensity, then switch transfer and bring engine turns to the same value.
· If vibration arises and reaches the maximum intensity at the same turns of the engine, irrespective of the chosen transfer, its source is not the driveshaft as the frequency of its rotation depends on the choice of the transfer relation.
· If switching of transfer leads to disappearance of vibration or noticeable decrease in its intensity (at the same turns of the engine), it is necessary to pass to checks of a condition of the driveshaft:
– Check the driveshaft for existence of signs of a bend and other deformations, in case of need make replacement;
– Carefully clear a shaft, – the stuck dirt can be a balancing cause of infringement;
– Estimate degree of wear of bearings of cardan hinges, in case of need make replacement of assemblies;
– Check balancing of the driveshaft or its connecting flange. Make sure of presence on the places of balancing small weights, remove a shaft and establish it, having turned on 180 °, – if vibrations do not disappear, give a shaft to balancing;
– Check reliability of tightening of fixing bolts / nuts;
– Estimate degree of wear of the central bearing;
– Check a condition of back plugs of transmission.

The scraping sound takes place

· Make sure that the dustproof casing of the sliding collar does not rub about a case of back lengthening of transmission.

Takes place howl or whistle

· The central bearing can be a source of similar sounds.

Diagnostics of malfunctions of the back bridge and main transfer

The extraneous noise identical at the movement on transfer and a setup takes place

· Natural road noise.
· Excessive side play of differential transfer.
· Excessive side play of a gipoidny gear wheel.
· The nut of the leading gear wheel weakened or is lost.
· Are worn-out, or tires are pumped incorrectly up.
· Wheel bearings are worn-out or damaged, or their tightness weakened.
· Oil level fell in differential.
· The differential is faulty.

The knock arising at start-off from the place or at gear shifting takes place

· The differential is faulty, or its adjustment is broken.

Foreign sounds arise during commission of turns

· The differential is faulty.
· The persistent washer is excessively worn-out.
· The sliding coupling stuck or is damaged.

Oil leak takes place

· It is hammered or damaged сапун.
· Weakened, or bolts of an axis of differential or the side holder are lost, or the sealing ring is incorrectly established.
· Weakened, or bolts of a back cover are lost, or its laying is damaged.
· The oil filter failed, or weakened the drain stopper (is lost).

Vibrations take place

· See the subsection devoted to diagnostics of malfunctions of the driveshaft. If a shaft as it should be, a poddomkratta a car back also establish it on props and manually estimate a condition of wheel bearings, in case of need make replacement.

Oil leak takes place

· The epiploon of the leading gear wheel of the main transfer is damaged.
· Epiploons of half shafts are damaged.
· Fixture weakened, or sealing laying of a cover of differential is damaged.
· The drain or jellied/control stopper of differential weakened.
· Passability of a ventilating sapun of differential is broken.

Diagnostics of malfunctions of the transfer case (at the corresponding complete set of the car)

Gear wheels jump out from gearing

· The size of a free wheeling of a control lever is broken.
· The control lever clings to the console.
· Fixture of support of a suspension bracket of the transfer case weakened, or fatigue deformation of material takes place.
· Internal components of the transfer case are worn-out, or adjustments are broken.

Switching of the modes is complicated

· Oil level fell.
· Internal components of the transfer case are worn-out, or adjustments are broken.

Extraneous noises take place

· Oil level fell in the transfer case.
· Existence of noise at the choice of any of the modes speaks about existence of malfunction in components of back differential or the back bridge.

Diagnostics of malfunctions of the brake system

When braking course stability of the car is broken

· Tires are pumped incorrectly up.
· Adjustment of angles of installation of forward wheels is broken.
· On one axis of the car (forward or back) wheels of a different standard size are established.
· Brake blocks / boots from one of car boards are worn-out, damaged or greasy.
· Brake shoes or a disk from one of car boards are excessively worn-out.
· Fixture of components of a forward suspension bracket weakened.
· It is faulty one or several brake mechanisms.
· Passability of brake lines is broken.
· Bolts of fastening of a support or a board of the brake mechanism weakened.
· The support piston / the wheel cylinder of one of brake mechanisms is jammed, or its movement is complicated.
· From different boards of the car brake blocks / boots with frictional overlays of various type are established.
· Components of the steering drive or a suspension bracket are worn-out or damaged.
· Adjustment of a pretightness of wheel bearings is broken.

During braking there are extraneous noises (a gnash or high-frequency squeal)

· Frictional overlays of brake shoes of forward wheels are worn-out, – the sound is made by sensors of wear of blocks.
· Zapolirovana to gloss brake shoes are polluted or.
· On a working surface of a brake shoe oil got (clicks are heard).
· The brake disk / reel – usually after the long parking of the car is damaged by corrosion.
· Between a disk and a board of the brake mechanism the foreign subject got (for example, a stone).
· The brake board is deformed.

The course of a brake pedal is excessively big

· Local violation in the brake system takes place.
· Level of hydraulic liquid fell in the GTTs tank.
· Air got to hydraulic system.
· Serviceability of functioning of automatic regulators of brake mechanisms is broken.
· The valve limiter is faulty.
· GTTs is faulty.
· The vacuum amplifier of brakes is faulty.

Softness of the course of a brake pedal at its squeezing takes place

· Air got to hydraulic system.
· Flexible brake hoses are damaged as a result of material aging.
· GTTs fixture weakened.
· GTTs is faulty.
· Installation of working gaps of brake blocks / boots is broken.
· Passability of an air vent of a cover of the GTTs tank is broken.
· Rubber brake lines are deformed.
· Sealing cuffs of supports are softened.
· Brake fluid needs replacement.

The stop of the car requires applying of excessively big effort to a brake pedal

In addition to the reasons listed in the previous subsection:

· The vacuum amplifier of brakes is faulty.
· Frictional overlays of brake blocks / boots are excessively worn-out.
· The piston (i) of a support / the wheel cylinder is jammed.
· Frictional overlays of brake blocks / boots are polluted by oil or lubricant.
· Brake disks are damaged or worn-out.
· GTTs or a support(s) / the wheel cylinder(s) is faulty.
· Are recently established and were not in time to be earned extra new brake blocks / boots.
· Local violation in the brake system takes place.

The pedal of a foot brake fails to a floor without resistance

· Liquid level fell in the GTTs tank, or leaks via pistons of supports / wheel cylinders take place.
· Brake lines are damaged, or their nipple connections weakened.

During braking there are pulsations of a pedal of a foot brake

· Wheel bearings are worn-out or damaged, or adjustment of their pretightness is broken.
· Components of a support of the brake mechanism are incorrectly installed, or between them foreign objects got.
· The excessive side beating of a brake disk / ovality of a drum takes place.
· Brake shoes are unevenly worn-out.

Pulsations of a pedal of a foot brake at its squeezing take place during sharp braking

· Consequence of correct functioning of ABS.

During braking there is a vibration transferred to a brake pedal or a steering wheel

· The excessive beating of a brake disk / deformation of the brake drum takes place.
· Frictional overlays of brake blocks / boots are worn-out.
· Bolts of fastening of a support / a brake board weakened.
· Components of a suspension bracket or the steering drive, or a support are worn-out.

Brakes "are taken" (efficiency of return of the engine is reduced, wheels are excessively warmed during the movement)

· Adjustment of an output rod of a pedal of a foot brake is broken.
· Passability of the GTTs inlet union is broken.
· The GTTs piston is jammed in the cylinder.
· Brake blocks / boots are excessively worn-out.
· Cups of pistons in the main brake cylinder, or supports of brake mechanisms are deformed.
· Adjustment of the parking brake is broken.
· Adjustment of a pretightness of wheel bearings is broken.
· Adjustment of adjusting height of a pedal of a foot brake is broken.
· The wheel cylinder(s) is jammed.
· Adjustment of gaps of landing of boots in drums of brake mechanisms is broken.
· GTTs is faulty.
· Passability of brake lines is broken.

Back wheels are blocked at normal braking

· Tires are pumped excessively strongly up.
· Protectors are excessively worn-out.

Back wheels are blocked at emergency brake application

· Tires are pumped excessively strongly up.
· Protectors are excessively worn-out.
· Are polluted by oil of a block of brake mechanisms of forward wheels.
· GTTs, or assembly (i) of brake mechanisms is faulty.

The parking brake "is taken"

· The lever of the parking brake is not adjusted.
· The cable of the parking brake does not move.
· The gap of blocks of the parking brake is not adjusted.
· The returnable spring is broken.

Noise from the mechanism of the parking brake

· The returnable spring is broken.
· The holding spring of blocks of the parking brake is broken.

The parking brake does not hold the car properly

· Adjustment of the drive of the parking brake is broken.

Diagnostics of malfunctions of the antiretractable device

If the car does not start (the brake is not released) because of the broken returnable spring, give an adjusting nut, disconnect coupling and the valve of deduction of pressure (PHV), then release brakes, having taken away the PHV lever in a starting position.

Before starting this operation, make sure that the parking brake is cocked.

The antiretractable device does not function on rises with a weak bias.

The pedal of coupling is squeezed out with an excessive resistance

· The cable of the drive of the valve of deduction of pressure (PHV) is faulty.
· The PHV lever is faulty.
· Coupling is faulty.

The car does not keep not movably on rise by the steepness more than 3%

· A forward part of a body of the car is excessively lowered.
· The PHV drive cable is torn off or extended.
· The size of a free wheeling of a pedal of coupling is excessive.
· PHV sealing is broken (the valve is subject to replacement assembled).

Start-off of the car is followed by a push

· The pedal of a foot brake is squeezed too strongly out (the with a bigger force the pedal is squeezed out, the antiretractable device is released later).
· At start-off on a plain surface the car can at first twitches back, - result of activation of the antiretractable device.

The car revolves at start

· The clutch plate is worn-out.
· The cable of the valve of deduction of pressure (PHV) is extended.
· The basic arm of hummock assembly or a rack the PHV valve is deformed.

The car cannot begin the movement at start

· The returnable spring is stretched or broken.
· The lever of the valve of deduction of pressure (PHV) does not come back to a starting position.

At an otpuskaniye of a pedal of a foot brake there is an unusual sound

· Blocks are excessively strongly pressed to a brake disk as a result of sharp braking.

When squeezing a pedal of coupling there is an unusual sound

· The hook of a returnable spring, or mobile section of a tip of a driving cable of PHV is insufficiently well greased.
· Coupling is faulty.

Diagnostics of malfunctions of system of anti-blocking of brakes (ABS)

Course stability when braking is broken (the car takes away in one of the parties
or develops)

· The electromagnetic valve of the hydraulic ABS modulator / control unit is faulty.
· The ABS sensor is faulty.
· Brake mechanisms / blocks are faulty.
· Correctness of connection of hydraulic lines / an electrical wiring is broken.
· Adjustment of angles of installation of forward wheels is broken.
· On one axis of the car (forward or back) wheels of a different standard size are established.
· Tires are pumped incorrectly (unevenly) up.
· The hydromodulator of system of dynamic stabilization (VDC) is faulty.
· The module of management of VDC is faulty.
· Uneven road.

Length of a brake way is excessive

· The electromagnetic valve of the hydraulic ABS modulator / control unit is faulty.
· The ABS sensor is faulty.
· Air got to the brake system.
· On one axis of the car (forward or back) wheels of a different standard size are established.
· Tires are pumped incorrectly (unevenly) up.

There is a premature blocking of wheels

· The electromagnetic valve of the hydraulic ABS modulator / control unit is faulty.
· The ABS sensor is faulty.
· Brake mechanisms / blocks are faulty.
· Correctness of connection of hydraulic lines / an electrical wiring is broken.

Brakes "are taken"

· The electromagnetic valve of the hydraulic modulator / module of management of ABS is faulty.
· The ABS sensor is faulty.
· The main brake cylinder (MBC) is faulty.
· Brake mechanisms are faulty (for example, the piston is jammed).
· Correctness of connection of hydraulic lines / an electrical wiring is broken.
· Adjustment of the parking brake is broken.
· Adjustment of the course of a pedal of a foot brake is broken.
· Adjustment of angles of installation of wheels is broken.
· On one axis of the car (forward or back) wheels of various standard size are established.

The course of a pedal of a foot brake is excessively big

· The corresponding adjustment is broken.
· Air got to the brake system.
· Correctness of connection of hydraulic lines / an electrical wiring is broken.

When braking the car excessively buries a nose

· The electromagnetic valve of the hydraulic modulator / module of management of ABS is faulty.
· The ABS sensor is faulty.
· Suspension bracket components are worn-out or damaged, or their fastening weakened.
· Brake mechanisms / blocks are faulty.
· Correctness of connection of hydraulic lines / an electrical wiring is broken.
· Adjustment of angles of installation of wheels is broken.
· On one axis of the car (forward or back) wheels of a different standard size are established.
· Tires are pumped incorrectly up.
· Uneven road.

Vibrations of a pedal of a foot brake when braking on the slippery road

· A normal sign of operation of ABS (when braking).
· Uneven surface of the road.

Functioning of the ABS hydromodulator is followed by extraneous noises

· The basic plug of the hydromodulator is faulty.
· The ABS sensor is faulty.
· Brake lines are damaged.

At the movement on a slippery covering there are noise in a forward part of the car

· The basic plug of the ABS hydromodulator is faulty.
· The ABS sensor is faulty.
· GTTs is faulty.
· Brake mechanisms / blocks are faulty.
· Hydraulic lines of a brake path are faulty.
· The vacuum amplifier of brakes / the control valve is faulty.
· Suspension bracket components are worn-out or damaged, or their fastening weakened.

At the movement on a slippery covering there are noise in a back part of the car

· The ABS sensor is faulty.
· Brake mechanisms / blocks are faulty.
· The parking brake is faulty.
· Hydraulic lines of a brake path are faulty.
· Suspension bracket components are worn-out or damaged, or their fastening weakened.

Diagnostics of malfunctions of system of dynamic stabilization (VDC)/traction control system (TCS)

Length of a brake way is excessive

· The hydromodulator of system of dynamic stabilization (VDC) is faulty.
· The module of management of VDC is faulty.
· Brake mechanisms / blocks are faulty.
· Air got to the brake system.
· On one axis of the car (forward or back) wheels of a different standard size are established.
· Tires are pumped incorrectly up.
· Brake lines / an electrical wiring are incorrectly connected.
· The ABS sensor is faulty, or its working gap is incorrectly exposed.
· The sensor of an angle of rotation is faulty or its neutral situation is incorrectly exposed.
· The roving sensor / cross overloads is faulty.
· Pressure valve limiter is faulty.
· GTTs is faulty.
· The vacuum amplifier of brakes is faulty.
· Lines of a hydraulic path of the brake system are faulty.

There is a premature blocking of wheels

· The hydromodulator of system of dynamic stabilization (VDC) is faulty.
· The module of management of VDC is faulty.
· The ABS sensor is faulty.
· Brake mechanisms / blocks are faulty.
· Correctness of connection of hydraulic lines / an electrical wiring is broken.
· The sensor of an angle of rotation is faulty or its neutral situation is incorrectly exposed.
· Pressure valve limiter is faulty.
· Lines of a hydraulic path of the brake system are faulty.

Brakes "are taken"

· The hydromodulator of system of dynamic stabilization (VDC) is faulty.
· The module of management of VDC is faulty.
· The ABS sensor is faulty.
· GTTs is faulty.
· The parking brake failed.
· The course of a pedal of a foot brake is not adjusted.
· The sensor of an angle of rotation is faulty or its neutral situation is incorrectly exposed.
· Brake mechanisms / blocks are faulty.
· Lines of a hydraulic path of the brake system are faulty.

The course of a pedal of a foot brake is excessively big

· The corresponding adjustment is broken.
· Air got to the brake system.
· The hydromodulator of system of dynamic stabilization (VDC) is faulty.
· Pressure valve limiter is faulty.
· GTTs is faulty.
· Brake mechanisms / blocks are faulty.
· Lines of a hydraulic path of the brake system are faulty.
· The vacuum amplifier of brakes is faulty.

When braking the car excessively buries a nose

· The hydromodulator of system of dynamic stabilization (VDC) is faulty.
· The module of management of VDC is faulty.
· The ABS sensor is faulty
· Brake mechanisms / blocks are faulty.
· On one axis of the car (forward or back) wheels of a different standard size are established.
· Tires are pumped incorrectly up.
· Correctness connection of hydraulic lines / an electrical wiring of the brake system is broken.
· Uneven road.
· The sensor of an angle of rotation is faulty or its neutral situation is incorrectly exposed.
· GTTs is faulty
· Lines of a hydraulic path of the brake system are faulty.
· Suspension bracket components are worn-out or damaged, or their fastening weakened.

Excessive vibration of a pedal of a foot brake at sharp braking, acceleration or movement along the slippery road there are vibrations

· Uneven road.
· Correctness connection of hydraulic lines / an electrical wiring of the brake system is broken.
· The hydromodulator of system of dynamic stabilization (VDC) is faulty.
· Pressure valve limiter is faulty.
· The vacuum amplifier of brakes is faulty.

Functioning of the VDC hydromodulator is followed by extraneous noises

· The basic plug of the hydromodulator is worn-out.
· The hydromodulator is faulty.
· The ABS sensor is faulty.
· The roving sensor / cross overloads is faulty or incorrectly installed.
· Lines of a hydraulic path of the brake system are faulty.
· The sensor of an angle of rotation is faulty or its neutral situation is incorrectly exposed.

At sharp braking, acceleration and movement along the slippery road there are noise in a forward part of the car

· The hydromodulator of system of dynamic stabilization (VDC) is faulty.
· The ABS sensor is faulty.
· GTTs failed.
· Brake mechanisms / blocks are faulty.
· Lines of a hydraulic path of the brake system are faulty.
· The vacuum amplifier of brakes failed.
· On one axis of the car (forward or back) wheels of a different standard size are established.
· Tires are pumped incorrectly up.

Noise arise in interior of the car

· The module of management of system of dynamic stabilization (VDC) is faulty;
· The sensor of an angle of rotation is faulty or its neutral situation is incorrectly exposed.

At sharp braking, acceleration and movement along the slippery road there are noise in a forward part of the car

· The ABS sensor is faulty.
· Brake mechanisms / blocks are faulty.
· The parking brake is faulty.
· Suspension bracket components are excessively worn-out or damaged, or their fastening weakened.
· Half shafts are damaged.
· Wheels are damaged.
· Non-standard tires are installed.

The engine does not accelerate or becomes deaf at sharp acceleration or during movement along the slippery road

· The hydromodulator of system of dynamic stabilization (VDC) is faulty.
· The module of management of VDC is faulty.
· The ABS sensor is faulty
· GTTs is faulty.
· The parking brake failed.
· Correctness connection of hydraulic lines / an electrical wiring of the brake system is broken.
· The sensor of an angle of rotation is faulty or its neutral situation is incorrectly exposed.
· Brake mechanisms / blocks are faulty.
· Lines of a hydraulic path of the brake system are faulty.

The system of dynamic stabilization is activated under normal conditions the movements

· The hydromodulator of system of dynamic stabilization (VDC) is faulty.
· The module of management of VDC is faulty.
· The ABS sensor is faulty.
· The sensor of an angle of rotation is faulty or its neutral situation is incorrectly exposed.
· Brakes (brake shoes) are faulty.
· Brake mechanisms / blocks are faulty.
· Adjustment of angles of installation of wheels is broken.
· On one axis of the car (forward or back) wheels of a different standard size are established.
· Tires are pumped incorrectly up.
· Uneven road.
· Malfunctions in system of hydrostrengthening of a wheel (GUR).
· Correctness connection of hydraulic lines / an electrical wiring of the brake system is broken.

The light indicator of shutdown of VDC does not burn at the pressed VDC OFF switch

If to hold the VDC OFF switch pressed within 10 seconds or more at the rotating engine, the indicator of shutdown of VDC will be switched off is irreversible. For return into position it is necessary to switch off and внувь to include ignition.

· The hydromodulator of system of dynamic stabilization (VDC) is faulty.
· The module of management of VDC is faulty.

Diagnostics of malfunctions of a suspension bracket and steering

Before starting checks of components of a suspension bracket and the steering drive make sure that the wrong rating of tires, installation of tires of various standard size, violation of balancing of wheels, or "prikhvatyvaniye" of brakes is not a cause of infringement.

Course stability of the car is broken

· On one axis wheels of various standard size are established, or their tires are pumped up with various pressure.
· Defect of tires takes place.
· Components of a suspension bracket or the steering drive are worn-out.
· Adjustment of angles of installation of forward wheels is broken.
· Brake mechanisms of forward wheels "are taken".
· Adjustment of a pretightness of wheel bearings is broken.
· Screw springs (are broken or "sank" at the corresponding complete set of the car).
· Wheel nuts weakened.
· The geometry of a suspension bracket or the steering drive is broken as a result of accident.

The side play of wheels and the increased vibration of the car takes place

· Balancing of forward wheels is broken (vibration is most considerably transmitted through a steering wheel).
· Balancing of back wheels is broken (vibration is most considerably transmitted through a car body).
· Tires are pumped unequally up.
· Adjustment of a pretightness of wheel bearings is broken.
· Components of racks of a suspension bracket are worn-out.
· Wheel nuts weakened.
· Rims are damaged or deformed.
· Tires are damaged.
· Components of the steering drive or a suspension bracket, or their spherical hinges and/or rubber-metal plugs are worn-out.
· The spherical support is worn-out.

During commission of turns and when braking there is "galloping" and/or rocking of the car

· Fastening of the stabilizer of cross stability weakened.
· Shock-absorbers are faulty.
· Screw springs / springs of a suspension bracket are broken or "sank".
· Components of the steering drive or a suspension bracket, or their spherical hinges and/or rubber-metal plugs are worn-out.
· The car is overloaded.

Roving or the general course instability of the car takes place

· On one axis wheels of various standard size are established, or their tires are pumped up with various pressure.
· Balancing of wheels is broken.
· Tires are pumped unevenly up.
· Wheel nuts weakened.
· The lack of lubricant of CV JOINTS and tips of steering drafts takes place.
· Shock-absorbers are worn-out.
· Fastening of the stabilizer of cross stability weakened.
· Screw springs / springs are broken or "sank".
· Adjustment of angles of installation of forward wheels is broken.
· Components of the steering drive or a suspension bracket, or their spherical hinges and/or rubber-metal plugs are worn-out.

Excessively hardly the steering wheel turns

· Level of liquid of system of hydrostrengthening of a wheel fell.
· Tires are pumped incorrectly up.
· The lack of lubricant of spherical support and tips of steering drafts takes place.
· Adjustment of angles of installation of forward wheels is broken.
· Adjustment of the steering mechanism is broken, or lubricant level fell.
· Adjustment of a pretightness of wheel bearings is broken.
· Components of the steering mechanism are worn-out or damaged.
· Interferes with rotation of a steering shaft the switch of indexes of turns.
· Tires are pumped too poorly up.
· Lubricant deteriorated. Replace.
· Spherical support are worn-out or damaged.
· Components of the steering drive are worn-out or damaged.

The side play of a steering wheel is excessive

· Wheel bearings weakened.
· Plugs of components of a suspension bracket are worn-out.
· Adjustment of the steering mechanism is broken.
· Adjustment of angles of installation of forward wheels is broken.
· Fixture of assembly of the steering mechanism weakened.
· Components of the steering drive or a suspension bracket are worn-out.

There is no hydraulic strengthening

· The belt of the drive of the steering pump is damaged, or adjustment of its tension is broken.
· Level of hydraulic liquid fell.
· Passability of hoses of system of strengthening of a wheel is broken.
· Air got to the hydraulic highway of system of strengthening of a wheel.
· The steering pump is faulty.
· The steering mechanism is faulty.

Serviceability of return of a steering wheel to rectilinear situation is broken

· Adjustment of angles of installation of forward wheels is broken.
· Tires are pumped too poorly up.
· Components of the steering mechanism are worn-out.
· Adjustment of a steering column is broken.
· Spherical support are worn-out or damaged.
· Components of the steering drive are worn-out or damaged.
· There was a loss of lubricant of components of the steering drive.
· Lubricant level fell in a case of the steering mechanism.
· The steering column is jammed.

The steering wheel rotates in different directions with various resistance

· Leaks in a case of the steering mechanism take place.
· Passability of hydraulic lines of system of strengthening of a wheel is broken.

Functioning of the steering pump is followed by the raised noise background

· The lack of oil of the pump takes place.
· Passability of hoses, or an oil filter of the steering pump is broken.
· Fixture of a driving pulley weakened.
· Adjustment of effort of a tension of a belt of the drive of the steering pump is broken.
· The steering pump is faulty.

The extraneous noises proceeding from a forward part of the car take place

· Tires are pumped incorrectly up.
· There was a loss of lubricant of spherical support or components of the steering drive.
· Fixture of the steering mechanism, components of the steering drive and a suspension bracket weakened.
· Support of shock-absorbers are worn-out.
· Shock-absorbers are damaged.
· Springs are damaged.
· Nuts of fastening of wheels weakened.
· Vents of back half shafts are worn-out or damaged.
· The axial side play of the back bridge is excessive.

During braking controllability of the car decreases

· Stupichny bearings of forward wheels are worn-out.
· Screw springs / springs of a suspension bracket are broken or "sank".
· Deformation of brake disks / reels takes place.

The car excessively sank

· Overload.
· Shock-absorbers of rack-mount assemblies are worn-out.
· Screw springs / springs of a suspension bracket are broken or "sank".
· Serviceability of functioning of an electric air suspension bracket (is broken at the corresponding complete set).

The gnash or other extraneous noises published by the steering mechanism takes place

· Fixture of assembly of rack transfer weakened.
· Internal damage of the steering mechanism takes place.

Excessive wear of tires takes place

The increased wear of an internal or external part of a protector

· Tires (wear of both edges) are pumped insufficiently up.
· Adjustment of angles of installation of forward wheels is broken.
· Components of the steering drive or a suspension bracket, or their spherical hinges and/or rubber-metal plugs are worn-out.
· Speed on turns does not decrease.
· Mechanical violation of geometry of a suspension bracket as a result of accident takes place.

Scaly wear (obtrepyvaniye) of a protector

· Convergence installation is broken.

Wear of the central part of a protector

· Tires are pumped up too strongly.

Wear of the inner and outer edges of a protector

· Tires are pumped insufficiently strongly up.
· Shock-absorbers are worn-out.

Uneven wear of a protector

· Balancing of a tire/wheel is broken.
· Excessively side beating of a disk or tire.
· Shock-absorbers are worn-out.
· The tire is damaged.

Diagnostics of malfunctions of a tempostat

The main switch of a tempostat does not turn on

· Check food.
· Check the main switch of a tempostat.

Tempostat is not established

· Check the SET/COAST switch.
· Check the switch of a stoplight and parking fires
· Check the switch of coupling (RKPP).
· Check the switch of ignition (AT).
· Check the sensor of speed of the car (VSS).

The engine does not keep the established speed ± 3 km/h

· Check the car speed sensor.

Speed of the car does not increase or does not come back on established after pressing of the RESUME/ACCEL switch

· Check the RESUME/ACCEL switch.

Speed of the car does not decrease after pressing of the SET/COAST switch

· Check the SET/COAST switch.

Tempostat is not disconnected after pressing of the CANCEL switch

· Check the CANCEL switch.

Tempostat is not disconnected after a brake pedal otpuskaniye

· Check the switch of a stoplight and parking fires.

Tempostat is not disconnected after an otpuskaniye of a pedal of coupling (RKPP)

· Check the coupling switch.

Failure diagnostics of onboard electric equipment

Serviceability of functioning of one or both headlights in the mode of passing or driving beam is broken

· Quality of contact connection on the socket is broken. Check quality of grounding of a block headlight and serviceability of giving on it of power supply from the battery. If food moves regularly, and grounding as it should be, replace the failed lamp. At violation of giving of food/grounding check a condition of an electrical wiring of the corresponding chain (see schemes of electric connections).
· The switch of management is faulty.

Brightness of a luminescence of one or both headlights is strongly reduced

· Quality of contact connection on the socket is broken. Check quality of grounding of a block headlight and serviceability of giving on it of power supply from the battery. If supply voltage on the socket is strongly underestimated, check a condition of elements and a connecting electrical wiring of the corresponding chain (see schemes of electric connections).
· The socle of the corresponding lamp or its boss is strongly oxidized. Carefully smooth out contact surfaces, in case of need replace the failed component.

Running and marker lights

Running and marker lights do not function

· Quality of contact connection on the socket is broken. Check quality of grounding of the corresponding lighting fixture and serviceability of giving on it of power supply from the battery. If food moves regularly, and grounding as it should be, check a condition of the boss, in case of need replace the failed lamp. At violation of giving of food/grounding check a condition of an electrical wiring of the corresponding chain (see schemes of electric connections).
· The switch of management is faulty. Make replacement.

The alternating refusals of running and marker lights take place

· Filament of the corresponding lamp is damaged. Check, replace the failed lamp.
· The socle of the corresponding lamp or its boss is strongly oxidized. Carefully smooth out contact surfaces, in case of need replace the failed component.
· The electrical wiring or its contact plugs is damaged. Check, make the corresponding corrections.
· The switch of management is faulty. Make replacement.

Brightness of a luminescence of one of lighting fixtures is strongly reduced

· Quality of contact connection on the socket is broken. Check quality of grounding of the corresponding lighting fixture and serviceability of giving on it of power supply from the battery. If supply voltage on the socket is strongly underestimated, check a condition of elements and a connecting electrical wiring of the corresponding chain (see schemes of electric connections).
· The socle of the corresponding lamp or its boss is strongly oxidized. Carefully smooth out contact surfaces, in case of need replace the failed component.
· The switch of management is faulty. Make replacement.

Internal lighting fixtures

Internal illumination of salon does not function

· The switch of management is installed in the wrong situation. Find the switch and transfer it to the relevant provision.
· Quality of contact connection on the lamp socket is broken. Check quality of grounding and serviceability of giving of power supply from the battery. If food is absent, check a condition of the corresponding safety lock, in case of need make replacement. Check a condition of elements and a connecting electrical wiring of the corresponding chain (see schemes of electric connections). In the absence of grounding check a condition of contacts of door sensors switches, remove corrosion traces, in case of need replace defective components.

The alternating refusal of internal illumination of salon takes place

· Filament of the corresponding lamp is damaged. Check, replace the failed lamp.
· The socle of the corresponding lamp or its boss is strongly oxidized. Carefully smooth out contact surfaces, in case of need replace the failed component.
· Contact plugs of the external socket of the lamp are oxidized or damaged. Check, smooth out or replace the corresponding components.
· Serviceability of functioning of door sensors switches is broken. Check, replace the failed components.

Brightness of illumination of salon is strongly reduced

· Quality of contact connection on the socket is broken. Check quality of grounding of the lamp and serviceability of giving on it of power supply from the battery. If supply voltage on the socket is strongly underestimated, check a condition of elements and a connecting electrical wiring of the corresponding chain (see schemes of electric connections).
· The socle of the corresponding lamp or its boss is strongly oxidized. Carefully smooth out contact surfaces, in case of need replace the failed component.
· One of switches / датчиков-выключателей managements is faulty. Make replacement.

Stoplights

The refusal of one of stoplights takes place

· Serviceability of giving of tension to a lamp of the corresponding stoplight is broken. check if food moves regularly, estimate quality of grounding, in case of need replace a lamp. At identification of signs of break of a contour of food or weight check a condition of elements and a connecting electrical wiring of the corresponding chain (see schemes of electric connections).

The refusal of both stoplights takes place

· Adjustment of the sensor switch of stoplights is broken. Check, make the corresponding adjustment. If giving of food to stoplights remains broken, despite serviceability of functioning of the sensor switch, check a condition of elements and a connecting electrical wiring of the corresponding chain (see schemes of electric connections), make necessary corrections.

Brightness of a luminescence of one or both stoplights is strongly reduced

· Quality of contact connection on one of contact sockets of the corresponding chain is broken. Check quality of grounding of lantern assemblies and serviceability of giving on them of power supply from the battery. If supply voltage on the socket is strongly underestimated, check a condition of elements and a connecting electrical wiring of the corresponding chain (see schemes of electric connections). Sometimes there is a need for removal of the defective socket and cleaning of its landing surface.

Control lamps / light indicators

The control lamp(s) continues to burn after start of the engine

Control lamp of a charge

· The generator or the regulator of tension is faulty. Check, replace the failed components.
· Short circuit in a chain of an electrical wiring of the corresponding lamp takes place. Check, make necessary corrections.

Control lamp of refusals of MIL ("Check the engine")

· Time of carrying out the next maintenance of the engine approached, or adjusting parameters of the last are broken. Carry out THAT, check parameters of settings, estimate a condition of spark plugs and the air filter, check the level and a condition of motive oil. Make necessary adjustments and replacements.
· The alternating reimpoverishment of air-fuel mix as a result of approach to the end of a reserve of fuel in a tank takes place. Fuel the car, make reinstallation of a lamp.
· Quality of contact connections in a chain of system of injection/engine management is broken. Check a condition of an electrical wiring and contact sockets of the module of management and information sensors.
· Losses of depression in the inlet pipeline take place. Check a condition of sealing laying and vacuum hoses. Replace defective components.
· The raised consumption of engine oil as a result of strong wear of internal components of the engine takes place. Make recovery repair of the power unit.

Control lamp of ABS

· Contact connections of wheel sensors are oxidized, or between teeths of alarm rotors foreign particles got stuck. Check, make necessary corrections.
· Leaks in GTTs take place. Examine the cylinder, replace the failed cuffs and laying.
· Serviceability of functioning of the module of management of ABS, the hydraulic pump or valves regulators is broken. Check a condition of components, make necessary corrections / replace defective parts.
· Malfunction in an electric chain of wheel sensors / the module of management of ABS takes place. Attentively examine an electrical wiring, eliminate the revealed defects.

Control lamp of the brake system

· Level of hydraulic liquid fell in the GTTs tank. Check a hydraulic path of the brake system for existence of signs of leaks, rectify debugged, add necessary amount of liquid of the required grade in the tank.
· Frictional overlays of brake blocks / boots are excessively worn-out. Check, make replacement of the failed components.

Replacement of brake blocks / boots is always made in a set for both wheels of the corresponding axis!

· Defect in a chain of the alarm sensor of a control lamp takes place. Check, make necessary corrections, replace the failed components.

Control lamp of pressure of oil

Operation of the car with the lowered pressure of oil is fraught with the serious internal damages of the engine connected with expensive repair! One of signs of inadmissible decrease in oil pressure is increase of a detonation during the operation of the engine.

· At operation of this control lamp it is necessary to kill immediately the engine and to check the level of engine oil and a condition of an oil filter. In case of need add the corresponding amount of oil from a canister which has to be stored in the car and be updated at each replacement of oil.
· The electrical wiring of the sensor switch of a control lamp of pressure of oil is damaged. At the included ignition (the engine do not start) disconnect an electrical wiring from the sensor switch, – the control lamp should not burn, otherwise check an electrical wiring for existence of signs of short circuit on weight. Make sure of integrity of isolation on all length of wires, replace defective units of a chain.
· Passability of the mesh filter of a maslozabornik is broken. Remove the pallet of a case and clean the filter.
· Serviceability of functioning of the sensor switch of a control lamp of pressure of oil is broken. For check install obviously serviceable sensor.
· Passability of a full-line oil filter is broken, or oil leak takes place. Replace the filter.

Control lamp of raising of the parking brake

· The lever of the parking brake is not released. Do not forget to release the parking brake before a start of motion.
· Adjusting position of the sensor switch of a control lamp is broken, or short circuit in a chain of its electrical wiring takes place. Check, rectify debugged.
· The sensor switch of a control lamp is faulty. Check, make replacement.

The control lamp(s) begins to blink during the movement

Control lamp of a charge

· The generator or the regulator of tension is faulty. Check, replace the failed components.
· Short circuit in a chain of an electrical wiring of the corresponding lamp takes place. Check, make necessary corrections.

Control lamp of MIL ("Check the engine")

· Time of carrying out the next maintenance of the engine approached, or adjusting parameters of the last are broken. Carry out THAT, check parameters of settings, estimate a condition of spark plugs and the air filter, check the level and a condition of motive oil. Make necessary adjustments and replacements.
· The alternating reimpoverishment of air-fuel mix as a result of approach to the end of a reserve of fuel in a tank takes place. Fuel the car, make reinstallation of a lamp.
· Quality of contact connections in a chain of system of injection/engine management is broken. Check a condition of an electrical wiring and contact sockets of the module of management and information sensors.
· Losses of depression in the inlet pipeline take place. Check a condition of sealing laying and vacuum hoses. Replace defective components.
· The electrical wiring of a chain of a control lamp is damaged. Check an electrical wiring for existence of short circuits, rectify debugged.

Control lamp of ABS

· Contact connections of wheel sensors are oxidized, or between teeths of alarm rotors foreign particles got stuck. Check, make necessary corrections.
· Leaks in GTTs take place. Examine the cylinder, replace the failed cuffs and laying.
· Serviceability of functioning of the module of management of ABS, the hydraulic pump or valves regulators is broken. Check a condition of components, make necessary corrections / replace defective parts.
· Malfunction in an electric chain of wheel sensors / the module of management of ABS takes place. Attentively examine an electrical wiring, eliminate the revealed defects.

Control lamp of the brake system

· Level of hydraulic liquid fell in the GTTs tank. Check a hydraulic path of the brake system for existence of signs of leaks, rectify debugged, add necessary amount of liquid of the required grade in the tank.
· Frictional overlays of brake blocks / boots are excessively worn-out. Check, make replacement of the failed components.

Replacement of brake blocks / boots is always made in a set for both wheels of the corresponding axis!

· Defect in a chain of the alarm sensor of a control lamp takes place. Check, make necessary corrections, replace the failed components.

Control lamp of pressure of oil

Operation of the car with the lowered pressure of oil is fraught with the serious internal damages of the engine connected with expensive repair.

One of signs of inadmissible decrease in oil pressure is increase of a detonation during the operation of the engine.

· At operation of this control lamp it is necessary to kill immediately the engine and to check the level of engine oil and a condition of an oil filter. In case of need add the corresponding amount of oil from a canister which has to be stored in the car and be updated at each replacement of oil.
· The electrical wiring of the sensor switch of a control lamp of pressure of oil is damaged. At the included ignition (the engine do not start) disconnect an electrical wiring from the sensor switch, – the control lamp should not burn, otherwise check an electrical wiring for existence of signs of short circuit on weight. Make sure of integrity of isolation on all length of wires, replace defective units of a chain.
· Passability of the mesh filter of a maslozabornik is broken. Remove the pallet of a case and clean the filter.
· Serviceability of functioning of the sensor switch of a control lamp of pressure of oil is broken. For check install obviously serviceable sensor.

Control lamp of raising of the parking brake

· The lever of the parking brake is not released. Do not forget to release the parking brake before a start of motion.
· Adjusting position of the sensor switch of a control lamp is broken, or short circuit in a chain of its electrical wiring takes place. Check, rectify debugged.
· The sensor switch of a control lamp is faulty. Check, make replacement.

The control lamp(s) does not light up at inclusion of ignition without start of the engine

· The lamp is faulty, – check by substitution obviously serviceable.
· The break in цеп takes place. Check a condition of the corresponding electrical wiring.
· The corresponding sensor switch is faulty, or defect in a chain of its electrical wiring takes place. Check, rectify debugged, replace defective components.

Indexes of turns alarm system

Signal lights join, but work in the continuous mode

· The breaker is faulty. Replace the failed block.

The bilateral refusal of signal lights takes place

· The safety lock fused. Check, make replacement.
· The breaker failed, – check by substitution of obviously serviceable block.
· Malfunction in an electrical wiring chain takes place. Check, rectify debugged.

The unilateral refusal of signal lights takes place

· Lamps fused. Check, replace the failed lamps.
· Quality of grounding of assemblies of the corresponding fires is broken. Check, eliminate break.

Only one of signal lights does not join

· The lamp fused. Check, make replacement.
· Contact surfaces of a socle/cartridge are oxidized. Check, smooth out plugs.
· Quality of grounding of the boss of the corresponding lamp is broken. Check, eliminate break.

Frequency of gleams of signal lights is strongly reduced

· Too powerful lamps are established. Replace lamps.

Frequency of gleams of signal lights is strongly increased

· Insufficiently powerful lamps are established. Replace lamps.
· The breaker not of that type is installed. Replace the breaker.

Serviceability of functioning of a control lamp of the alarm system is broken

· The corresponding external signal lights are faulty. Check, in case of need replace a control lamp.
· The switch of the alarm system is faulty. Check, in case of need make replacement.

Serviceability of functioning of one of control lamps of indexes of turns is broken

· The lamp fused. Check, make replacement.
· The breaker is faulty, – check by substitution of obviously serviceable block, in case of need make replacement.

Horn

The sound signal is absent

· The corresponding safety lock fused. Check, in case of need make replacement.
· Serviceability of giving of food on a horn is broken, or the break in a grounding contour takes place. Check. If food moves regularly, replace a horn. In case of identification of refusal check a condition of the corresponding electrical wiring.

The tonality of sound of a horn changed

· On models with one horn make replacement of the last.
· On models with a 2-rozhkovy horn check serviceability of functioning of the second horn. Serially disconnecting an electrical wiring from horns, check serviceability of functioning of each of them separately. Replace the failed component.
· Check correctness of installation of a horn (ов), – horns have to be established by a bell down. Make sure that in a horn foreign objects did not get.

Screen wipers

Screen wipers do not function

· The safety lock fused. Check, make replacement.
· The switch of management is faulty. Check, rectify debugged, in case of need replace the switch.
· Quality of contact connections in a chain of the electric drive of screen wipers is broken. Check, smooth out plugs, replace the failed elements.
· Quality of grounding of the switch of management or a driving electric motor is broken. Check, eliminate the revealed breaks.

There is an overheat of a driving electric motor, inclusion of screen wipers leads to knocking-out of a safety lock

· Internal damage of an electric motor takes place. Make replacement.
· Are jammed, or drafts of the drive of levers of screen wipers are deformed. Check, make necessary corrections, replace the failed components.

Functioning of one or both levers of screen wipers during the correct work of a driving electric motor is broken

· Fixture of the corresponding driving draft weakened. Check, tighten fixture.
· Fastening of the lever on a drive axis weakened. Tighten a nut, in case of need make replacement of the corresponding lever / axial knot of the drive.

At shutdown of a brush do not come back to parking situation

· As a result of malfunction of the switch of management the power off order from a driving electric motor is broken. Check, rectify debugged.
· Violation in a chain of a parking contour of the driving motor takes place. Replace an electric motor. Before installation of levers start system for the purpose of clarification of the correct parking provision of screen wipers. Having finished installation, include screen wipers in the maximum high-speed mode and make sure that brushes in extreme provisions do not hit against facing of a window opening.

Failure diagnostics of a combination of devices

Functioning of a speedometer is completely broken

· The driving cable incorrectly is connected to assembly of the measuring instrument or the leading gear wheel. Check, make necessary corrections.
· The driving cable is torn off, or there was a rounding off of tips by means of which its fastening in assembly of the measuring instrument/leader of a gear wheel is carried out. Check, in case of need replace a cable.
· The leading gear wheel of a speedometer is worn-out. Check, in case of need make replacement.
· The measuring instrument is faulty, – check by substitution of obviously correct assembly. In case of need make replacement.

Fluctuations of an arrow of the measuring instrument at the movement with a constant speed take place

· Correctness of laying of a cable is broken, excesses or twisting take place. Check, make necessary corrections, in case of identification of signs of damage of a cover replace a cable.
· Trosovy assembly needs lubricant. Remove a cable, examine it on existence of damages (in case of need make replacement), grease and establish into place.

Takes place the alternating violations of functioning of a speedometer

· Completeness of connection of a cable and reliability of its fixing in clips is broken. Check, make necessary corrections.
· Are worn-out cable tips (are rounded). Check, in case of need replace hummock assembly.

Speedometer with the electric drive

Functioning of a speedometer is completely broken

· An inductive exit of the sensor of the speed (VSS) is faulty. Replace the sensor.
· The electrical wiring on the site of a chain between VSS and a speedometer is damaged. Examine an electrical wiring, estimate quality of contact connections, rectify debugged, replace defective components.
· The measuring instrument is damaged, check by substitution of obviously correct assembly. In case of need make replacement.

Takes place the alternating violations of functioning of a speedometer

· Quality of contact connections on the site of a chain between VSS and a speedometer is broken. Check, make necessary corrections, replace defective components.
· The inductive descent of the sensor of the speed (VSS) is faulty. Replace the sensor.

Measuring instruments of a reserve of fuel and temperature of the engine

Functioning of the measuring instrument is completely broken

· The corresponding safety lock fused. Check, make replacement.
· The break in a chain of an electrical wiring of the corresponding measuring instrument takes place. Check, rectify debugged.
· The corresponding sensor is faulty. Check, make replacement.
· Adequacy of installation of the measuring instrument or its sensor is broken. Check, make the corresponding corrections.

Stability of indications of the measuring instrument is broken

· Quality of contact connections of the corresponding electric chain is broken. Check, rectify debugged.
· The measuring instrument is faulty. Make replacement.

The measuring instrument continuously fixes the maximum indication

· Short circuit on weight in a chain of an electrical wiring of the corresponding measuring instrument takes place.
· The measuring instrument is faulty. Make replacement.
· Serviceability of grounding of the measuring instrument is broken. Check, eliminate break.
· Adequacy of installation of the measuring instrument or its sensor is broken. Check, make the corresponding corrections.